Tested on: Linux Mint 17.1 Rebecca (Ubuntu 14.04 LTS - Trusty Tahr)
This error with pdflatex has been mystery to me for a long time. Surprisingly, it is not easy to find a clear solution online.
ERROR: LaTeX Error: File `tikz.sty' not found.
--- TeX said ---
Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed,
or enter new name. (Default extension: sty)
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Solution
sudo apt-get...